Free Essay on Homers Odyssey: Penelope and Odysseus :: Homer Odyssey Essays

Homers Odyssey Penelope and Odysseus     Homer revealed the characters inner thoughts to add to the suspense that builds up in books 19 and 20 of The Odyssey. Some question whether Odysseus was recognized by Penelope and if this helped to build up the intensity of the story. Joseph Russo mentioned this topic in Interview and Aftermath Dream, deception and Intuition in Odyssey 19 & 20. The lies told by Odysseus likewise increased the excitement of The Odyssey. Russo believed that Penelope, in her subconscious, did recognize Odysseus disguised as a beggar. For example, in hold up 19, Penelope revealed her innermost thoughts to Odysseus, who was disguised as the beggar. Russo suggested that unconsciously the beggar reminded Penelope of Odysseus when she invited Odysseus to her room to talk and confided in him ab let out her dreams (14). But in that location is a contrastive way to look at this part of the book. In class, Thury pointed out non only the outward signs of Penelopes encouragement of him, notwithstanding also gave reasons to believe she did not commend Odysseus was alive. By telling Odysseus of her dreams Penelope showed trust in him, but by scheduling the contest of the bow, Penelope showed that she believed her husband was never coming back. Russo argues that this was only a defense mechanism. If she were to believe Odysseus was alive, she would be letting her guard down, and she did not want to risk another disappointment (Russo 15). Russo and Thury agree that because of the tension between husband and wife, there is a large amount of excitement and stress in Odysseus house after he returns. Odysseus lies also added to the excitement. These lies were all related to the truth about Odysseus (Thury), and displace up the people they were told to. For example, Odysseus lied to Eumaios the swineherd. He told him he was a pirate who had lost his crew in the storm and had heard news of Odysseus (14.356). The fact that he claimed Odysseu s was alive must have given the swineherd desire of his masters return, even though he denied it (14.405). Another person Odysseus lied to was Penelope. As a termination Homer says she cries, as she sat listening ... her checks were wetted by these rupture she shed for her lord (19.220-226). Even though she says she does not believe him (19.289), Penelope seems excited by thinking about Odyssseus, enough so, to have a shift of the tongue when she tells Eurykleia to bathe her master (19.Free Essay on Homers Odyssey Penelope and Odysseus Homer Odyssey EssaysHomers Odyssey Penelope and Odysseus     Homer revealed the characters inner thoughts to add to the suspense that builds up in books 19 and 20 of The Odyssey. Some question whether Odysseus was recognized by Penelope and if this helped to build up the intensity of the story. Joseph Russo mentioned this topic in Interview and Aftermath Dream, Fantasy and Intuition in Odyssey 19 & 20. The lies told by Odysseus also increased the excitement of The Odyssey. Russo believed that Penelope, in her subconscious, did recognize Odysseus disguised as a beggar. For example, in Book 19, Penelope revealed her innermost thoughts to Odysseus, who was disguised as the beggar. Russo suggested that unconsciously the beggar reminded Penelope of Odysseus when she invited Odysseus to her room to talk and confided in him about her dreams (14). But there is a different way to look at this part of the book. In class, Thury pointed out not only the outward signs of Penelopes encouragement of him, but also gave reasons to believe she did not think Odysseus was alive. By telling Odysseus of her dreams Penelope showed trust in him, but by scheduling the contest of the bow, Penelope showed that she believed her husband was never coming back. Russo argues that this was only a defense mechanism. If she were to believe Odysseus was alive, she would be letting her guard down, and she did not want to risk another disappointmen t (Russo 15). Russo and Thury agree that because of the tension between husband and wife, there is a large amount of excitement and stress in Odysseus house after he returns. Odysseus lies also added to the excitement. These lies were all related to the truth about Odysseus (Thury), and stirred up the people they were told to. For example, Odysseus lied to Eumaios the swineherd. He told him he was a pirate who had lost his crew in the storm and had heard news of Odysseus (14.356). The fact that he claimed Odysseus was alive must have given the swineherd hope of his masters return, even though he denied it (14.405). Another person Odysseus lied to was Penelope. As a result Homer says she cries, as she sat listening ... her checks were wetted by these tears she shed for her lord (19.220-226). Even though she says she does not believe him (19.289), Penelope seems excited by thinking about Odyssseus, enough so, to have a slip of the tongue when she tells Eurykleia to bathe her master (1 9.

The Yellow Wallpaper by Charlotte Perkins Gilman and Lawrence Durrells Zero and Asylum in the Snow :: Wallpaper Asylum gilman Durrell Essays

The Yellow Wallpaper by Charlotte Perkins Gilman and Lawrence Durrells goose egg and Asylum in the SnowSociety is a close-knit unit of individuals who unwittingly conform to an ensample set by them. The ideal that I speak of is not set in st nonpareil, but is ever changing, as is society. This changing ideal appears to be threatened by individual retrieveers who rebel against social norms and who refuse to support conformity. This rebellion is exemplified in The Yellow Wallpaper, written by Charlotte Perkins Gilman and in Lawrence Durrells story, Zero and Asylum in the Snow. These stories both involve characters that argon labelled as sick in relation to the people who mesh well with society. Society, however, has peculiar methods of healing these characters and succeeds merely to force them further away from reality and deeper into a conscious dream world. Conscious in the previous line, refers to how one may dream while awake, yet no outsider may become involved in the dream. A dream world is not necessarily a bad place to dwell, and is only perceive as being bad because not everyone can freely enter its walls. Moreover, the walls are unique to each dreamer, therefore, are transparent. This uniqueness is shown in the short stories I am focusing on. For Durrell, the walls were as white as snow, and for Gilman they are covered in crude yellow wallpaper. When reading these stories, it is easy for one to become confused. It is rocky for the reader to understand exactly what is trying to be said, because these stories are so personal. Durrell and Gilman attempt to give some form of insight into their characters minds, but we as readers are restricted by our thoughts. How can we conceive anothers dream world? It is possible only through an open mind one must not think that the author is talking about nonsense, for this way of thinking proves the success society has in grooming our thoughts to fit within its standards. In Zero and Asylum in the Snow, we are i ntroduced to a character that seems to be rambling to some unknown person about nonsensical illusions of snow, farmyards, Christianity, and five other existing characters. As one progresses through the story, one realizes that the snow Durrell writes of is everywhere. It surrounds the character, which is later revealed to be Durrell himself, and chimes about them and he can do nothing, nothing.

Oregon Geography Essay -- essays research papers

The operating theatre Coast runs from north to s let onh along the peace-loving Ocean. Oregon is three-hundred and sixty miles long and two-hundred and sixty miles wide, making it the ninth largest state. Oregon is bordered by California and Nevada on the south, Washington on the north, Idaho on the west and of course, the Pacific Ocean. Oregons nickname is the Beaver State because in the nineteenth century beaver skins were very valuable to trappers in the area. The longitude in Oregon is 116 45W to 124 30W. The Latitude is 42N to 46 15N. The Highest locate in Oregon is Mount Hood reaching 11,239 feet high. The lowest point in the state of Oregon is the Pacific Ocean. According to www.netstats.com the average elevation in Oregon is 3,300 feet above sea level. Oregon is known for its lumber about one tenth of the United States lumber is in Oregon. Oregon is also the atomic number 82 lumber provider in the United States. Oregon has 3.3 billion dollars lumber and wood industry. It also has an 859 million dollar paper and allied manufacturing industry. The two steer manufactured items in the state of Oregon are lumber and paper. The states natural beauty and grade A quality of life has helped it economic and population growth. The historic twenty years, Oregon has reduced its heavy involvement in natural resources and has increased its industrial diversity. According to www.merriamwebster.com Oregon has a very high unemployment site but is slowly decreasing as the states per capita income increases. The major products in Oregon are lumber, water, and fish. Symbols are very important to a state. Oregon has three major symbols. The first symbol is the hazelnut. Oregon grows ninety-nine percent of the entire United States commerc... ... by going to the Columbia River Maritime Museum home to one of the nations finest display of assume artifacts. Then we would head down to the Astoria Bridge. The Bridge is over four mile long and it is a nice walk. There is also many activities for families. Families could go fishing, cycling, aqualung diving, windsurfing, and surfing. There are limitless options on the Oregon Coast. Lastly, after being on the coast for four days we would head back into Eugene where we would fly out of, and attend a Oregon Ducks Football game. Eugene holds a cultural center for Oregon. Before the football game we would walk down to Saturday morning market, and experience naked things. In conclusion with this tour, Oregon holds some of the countries most valuable resources. The geographers on this tour will be more knowledgeable about the Oregon Coast, and its surroundings.

Death of a Salesman Essay -- Arthur Miller Exposes Willy Loman

decease of a Salesman written by Arthur Miller in 1948 attempts to give the audience an unusual glimpse into the mind of a Willy Loman, a mercurial 60-year-old salesman, who through and through his endeavor to be worth something, finds himself struggling to endure the competitive capitalist world in which he is engulfed. Arthur Miller uses various mental representation techniques to gradually strip the protagonist down one layer at a time, each layer revealing another truth about his distorted past. By doing this, Miller succeeds in finally exposing a reasonable justification for Willys current state of mind. These techniques are essential to the coquette, as it is only through this development that Willy can realistically be driven to motives of suicide.The very first section of the first scene, already defines the basis of Willys character for the rest of the play. The typify directions on page 8 identify him as being an exhausted aging man, whose work seems to be wearing him d own. lets his burden down (Miller, 8). Although this makes Willy appear uninteresting, he soon contrasts this characteristic when he shows an optimistic determination towards his own failures. Ill start out in the morning. Maybe Ill feel better in the morning. (Miller, 9) Another aspect of Willy that makes him more interesting to the audience is his already visible complexity of layers I have such thoughts, I have such fantastic thoughts. (Miller, 9) This of course leads the audience on to wondering what exactly is taking place in a mans head to make him say such a thing, evoking a mild fascination in Willys character. Another character that is developed almost immediately within the first two pages of the play is Linda. Again the stage directions on page 8 introdu... ...me period without using artificial memorable speech. This conveyance of realism to the audience is vital for Willys motives to seem plausible, and for Willy to be believed in as a character. On the other hand how ever, Death of a Salesman offers the audience another aspect of the play in which the inner mind of a character is symbolically represented in an expressionistic way on stage. Arthur Miller however succeeds in combining theses ostensibly contradictory techniques, by conveying a sense of realism in the way the protagonists mind is portrayed, creates what sets it aside from anything alike it.Work CitedMiller, Arthur. Death of a Salesman. U.K. Penguin, 2013.Works ConsultedBloom, Harold. Arthur Miller. New York Chelsea, 2008.Griffin, Alice. Understanding Arthur Miller. Columbia University of South Carolina Press, 1996.

Suicide: My Thoughts :: Free Essays

I have subsistn many adolescents who have fantasy about suicide. plentys reasons for suicide just cannot be legit in most cases. Some reasons are my girlfriend broke up with me or mess make fun of me or how about I dont have any friends? Whatever the reason for the thought of suicide, there isnt a valid one, unless we are dealing in euthanasia. People usually count on suicide is the best and only solution to an insignificant problem. They do not think about the consequences or the people they may hurt in the process. So what if you total your car, or if some people dont like you and you arent the most beautiful and popular person there is. It all matters on what you think about yourself. One might think well how would he know how these people feel? I know because I too thought about suicide at one point in my life. But after(prenominal) evaluating the situation and putting some thought into how I not only would be creating the biggest sin there is, but how I will hurt my famil y and the ones who respect me. I came to grips with reality and realized there are much better things in life than to sit and sulk about stupid, insignificant problems that occurred in my day. So what? Thats life. Suicide is not a solution to any problem. It only makes things worse and more complicated. Depressed people are not the only ones to make suicide. A person who could seem to be the happiest, most outgoing person you know could kill themselves and you would never be able to figure out why. People just sporadically think that suicide is the best alternative and that it is the end all be all solution to all their problems. But what they dont think about is that they wont have anymore problems because they will be dead.

Suicide: My Thoughts :: Free Essays

I have known m some(prenominal) adolescents who have thought about suicide. Peoples reasons for suicide just can non be legit in most cases. Some reasons are my girlfriend broke up with me or people make fun of me or how about I dupet have any friends? Whatever the reason for the thought of suicide, there isnt a valid one, unless we are dealing in euthanasia. People usu aloney think suicide is the best and only solution to an insignificant problem. They do not think about the consequences or the people they may hurt in the process. So what if you total your car, or if some people dont like you and you arent the most beautiful and popular person there is. It all matters on what you think about yourself. One might think well how would he know how these people feel? I know because I besides thought about suicide at one point in my life. But after evaluating the situation and putting some thought into how I not only would be creating the biggest sin there is, but how I will hurt my f amily and the ones who love me. I came to grips with reality and realized there are a good deal better things in life than to sit and sulk about stupid, insignificant problems that occurred in my day. So what? Thats life. Suicide is not a solution to any problem. It only makes things worse and more complicated. Depressed people are not the only ones to commit suicide. A person who could seem to be the happiest, most extravertive person you know could kill themselves and you would never be able to figure out why. People just sporadically think that suicide is the best alternative and that it is the end all be all solution to all their problems. But what they dont think about is that they wont have anymore problems because they will be dead.

Ap Us History Essay

Thesis SentenceThe lives of the Plains Indians in the second half(a) of the nineteenth century were affected by technological developments and governing actions politically, economically, conscientiously, socially, intellectually, and geographically.Body Paragraph 2Background Paragraph How the Indians were treated before the second half of the 19th degree Celsius.Body Paragraph 3The technological developments and political relation actions affected the Indians in the second half of the 19th Century politically because They did non have a say in government very ofttimes even though they were to a greater extent civilizedBody Paragraph 4The technological developments and government actions affected the Indians in the second half of the 19th Century economically because Transcontinental Railroad Indians lost their food sources, such as bison, due to the rapid constructions of buildings and technological things that did not let the bison roam free haemorrhoid of bison caused hu nting - they almost went extinctBody Paragraph 5The technological developments and government actions affected the Indians in the second half of the 19th Century religiously because Indians that changed left their culture and spiritual practices behindBecame Christians only a fewWere allowed in churches Indians that did not changed were being forced to changeBody Paragraph 6The technological developments and government actions affected the Indians in the second half of the 19th Century socially because Indians who changed left their practices and became more civilized according to the white AmericansThey were more accepted than the non-changed IndiansBody Paragraph 7The technological developments and government actions affected the Indians in the second half of the 19th Century intellectually because Indians who changed got the same breeding white Americans didWent to better schools Indians who did not change were not as well educated as the other Indians All Indians were better e quipped when it came to hunting because they had guns sort of of bows n arrowsDeath rate while hunting went downBody Paragraph 8The technological developments and government actions affected the Indians in the second half of the 19th Century geographically because Were given crappy landWere kicked out of them when the Americans found out that there was gold in that areaHomestead do/ Dawes ActConclusionDuring the second half of the 19th Century, the Indians were affected by the technological developments and government actions in many ways more than one. They were still not accepted politically. They lost a lot of economical resources in the process of the technological progression. The Indians were forced to change their religion to Christianity in order to become civilized in the eyes of the white Americans. They were socially accepted in some ways by the white Americans if they converted to Christianity.The Indians became intellectually smarter when they grasped new technologica l developments interchangeable the gun (new for them) so that they could hunt properly. However, they lost a lot of land to the white Americans geographically. The second half of the 19th Century gave the Indians more problems than happiness.

Internationa Marketing

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Essay about Mandates and Federalism Essay

oer the last twenty-five years, federalism has transformed due to the increase in federal mandates on rural area and local brasss. Federalism refers to a political system in which there are local units of government, as well as a national government, that can fox final decisions with see to at least any(prenominal) governmental activities, and whose existence is protected. When the Framers devised this political system their goal was to protect personal liberty and piss a separation of powers. Over the years, federalisms goal of decentralization evolved giving states more leeway. Mandates, however, have in a way, increased federal power, imposing requirements and/or conditions for obtaining federal grants. These mandates provided federal restrictions on states economic actions and have served the former purpose of protecting personal liberties because they usually concern civil rights and environmental protection. The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, for example, shows how federalism has changed and how mandates have augmented the regulation of state and local governments actions.Mandates created a new form of a check on state governmental activities. Mandates increased federal supremacy because they were mandatory. They take the form of regulative statutes. The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, for instance, required that businesses and state and local governments provide the disabled with equal access to services, transportation systems, employment, and buildings. In enacting this mandate, the federal governments objective was to create equality and regulate what the states did with federal funds by imposing costs. State or local governments may not discriminate against qualified individuals with disabilities. All government facilities, services, and communications must be accessible consistent with the requirements of Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973. Individuals may file complaints with federal agencies to be designated by the U.S. Attorney world(a) or bring private lawsuits.The ADA helped to change federalism because it had a majuscule impact on state and local government budget priorities. Because the Americans with Disabilities Act did not specify what its definition of equal access was, the states had no idea as to what this mandate would cost. It provided no outline for how the mandate was to be administered, nor did it provide in force(p) estimates onhow much it could possibly cost to employ. The mandates provided the disabled with equality, preventing discrimination, at a fairly high cost. Since the states were not certain about the definition of equal access, they had to drive services, building equipment on buses, ramps in buildings etc. Theres no doubt that mandates have an impact on state and local budget priorities.By trying to meet the terms of the ADA, states had to shift their attention from other projects, which were perhaps more important (maybe because of the low number of disab led in the area). State governments had to make mandates a priority because they were federal commands that had to be obeyed. Thus, mandates not only increased involvement between the states and the federal government (federal-state relations), but they also nationalized the government more. Mandates allowed the states to put across with respect to important matters. States obey the mandates and by doing so they create legislation that benefits the people. By having mandates, the federal government prevents the states from misspending federal money.The potential consequences of removing the Americans with Disabilities Act would have great effects on federalism. If the mandate were removed, the federal government wouldnt have as much power to control how federal money was spent. States wouldnt be pressured into passing legislation that benefit a certain group. In addition, those who benefited from the mandate, the disabled, would not be treated equally since there would no longer be constipation access in public places. The removal of mandates affects the federal-state relations in that it decentralizes the government more and diminishes whatever authority the federal government has over the state government.Federalism has in fact changed over the past twenty-five years. It has become more complex, creating things like mandates, which control state actions. Mandates changed federalism, perhaps for the better. Because of the federal demands, states and federal government had to work unneurotic in order to protect certain rights and meet the needs of the people. Public policies became more nationalized as a result of mandates. They had an impact on the devolution revolution, which for some time had shifted responsibilities to the states , giving them more power and involvement in policies. However,with mandates, the power was shifted back the federal government, the supreme.BibliographyWilson American Governmenthttp//www.icanonline.net/news/fullpage.cfm/articl eid/6CAEB15E-3A1A-4743-8BCCD55D82731B98/cx/issues.stay_informed/article.cfm

Elements Of Design In A Play Essay

There are some(prenominal) things which can both attribute and take away from the over totally production of a writ of execution or play such as a Shakespeare play. Such things include costumes, props, lighting, set, and sound. All of these factors are vital in the ending effect that the performance has on the viewing audience. Firstly, when attending a play, their are several things that one lead notice all of which will contribute to the sufficiency or insufficiency of the performance. Among these many things include costumes.Costumes are considered to be one of the most influential and important factors or aspects of the play itself. For example, the colors of the costume help to set the mode and idea of the play. If the play is considered to be a somber or tragic and sorrowful play, then the colors of the costume may be dark and morbid. The darkness of the costumes will add to the morbidness of the play. This is a considered to be a vital aspect by many to any play or perfor mance. However, if a play is intoxicate and happy and the costumes should also represent the same thing. They too should be uplifting and bright.Thus, the colors of the costumes should be bright and colorful. Therefore, a happy play representing colorful costumes on their actors is vital in the overall production of the play because it adds to the joyfulness and bright aura that is to be represented through the performance. Another important factor which importantly attributes to the advantage of a play is the sound or the music. Without the proper music, the play will not appropriately fit with the story-line as it should. For example, with a tragedy, such as Romeo and Juliet, much of the music is somber and sad.Without the emotion emanating from this music, the final influence of the production would not be the same as if the music were cheerful and happy throughout the entire play. Also, with a play that is cheerful and happy, the music must be cheerful and bright. Sound is vi tal in any performance and play. Without it, the play will be dull and unfitting with the plot of the story. The music adds to the emotion and the effect of the play. Next, the set itself is also extremely important in contributing to the overall success of the play or performance.It must be carefully detailed and match with the era or time that the play is supposed to be taken channelize in. For example, if you were having a play that was supposed to have taken place before electricity was invented and the set included objects such as light bulbs and television sets, this would strife with the entire plot, because it would not make any sense. Thus, the set is extremely important. Another extremely and vitally important aspect that attributes to the success or failure of plays and productions are props. Props are anything from pots and pans to furniture and food.Whichever props are used in a play should be affiliated with the time period that the play was supposed to take place i n, just as the set should be. Finally, our last and equally important attributing aspect for plays is lighting. Without the proper lighting a play can be a complete and utter failure. However, with the necessary lighting that is require to see each and every prop, background, and costume, the play should certainly be a success if all of the other aspects are followed through properly.SOURCES Musical Cats (Broadway)

Insurance in 2020

INSURANCE 2020 THE PATH AHEAD Introduction Insurance is a sociable device which help the public to transfer the sit on the line which is integrated part of the human life. Its been eld this term called redress generated. straightway one of the most emerging and greening sector in India is indemnification. The inevitably and preference of a customer is changing day by day. The pot are more aware about the need for diverting the stake to a third party by taking amends. They also consider amends as an investment. Now days insurance companies are following legitimate market placeing strategies.It includes understanding needs and preference of the customers by conducting marketing interrogation and customizing the crossings and run to the benefit of the society. The companies follow assorted retail and wholesale dissemination impart to reach the customers. Agents, Bancassurance, Brokers and others are some of the distribution channels which prevail in the current mar ket. This paper talks about considering the current facts and features of insurance sector in India, what volition be the insurance scenario in 2020. It also talks about future marketing strategies and distribution channels in 2020.Objectives of the study Primary Objectives o Identify the major changes in the Indian insurance sector on a road to 2020 Secondary Objectives o Analyze the consumer perception of insurance how it behind be tackled by the insurance companies in the upcoming coming(prenominal) o Identify the future marketing strategies of insurance as a business in 2020 o Identify the distribution channels of insurance in 2020 and how the features are contrastingiated themselves from the current distribution channels Research Methodology Descriptive research method is followed in this study Change in Indian insurance industry by 2020Indian insurance is expected to be going done a signifi adviset change of 70% as per the survey conducted by IBM insurance 2020 survey 2006. Among the 30 samples taken 30 % states that insurance industry provide be having an incremental change of 30 % by the end of 2020. pic There are some reasons for saying that the Indian insurance industry will be facing signifi keept change. The customers are living in era of latest engine room and advanced services in which customers are treated not as king, he is the god which decides the outlastence of a company whether it deal with products or services.If the business fails to please their lord i. e. customers then there wont be any existence for that particular business. Because of the latest technologies strengthening the demand and bargaining power of customers the customers are active and well informed about the services that they can get from the insurance companies. Another reason would be the increasing competition among the players in Indian insurance sector. Each company is trying to get a competitive edge over other companies by giving most importance to the wo rd Innovation.The companies cant run their business without presentation because all the businesses believe in survival of the fittest. And more over the customer wants the companies should predict their needs and preference well in advance and to serve them. last(a) but not the least people consider insurance as a strategical investment in life or we can put forward corresponding people consider insurance as life time planning which starts from cradle to graveyard. Now its time for us to call up about the upcoming trend of Indian insurance industry in the coming years. The ultimate users of the insurance services are people.When companies target people for merchandising or marketing of insurance they will think only think about their demographic characters like age, income, family etc. But classifying the customers as per their demographic characters and social characters may not help the insurance companies to survive for future. Insurance companies need to further classify t he people into innovators and non innovators. Innovators are the people who buy the product or service as and when it reaches the market. Innovators are early buyers of the product. Non innovators are late buyers.Now the point to be discussed is what is the relevance of innovators in a service sector like insurance and why people should buy insurance policies or plans as and when it reaches the market. As I mentioned earlier insurance policies are good stage for strategic investments. When a share or a fund of a blue chip companies are announced in the market, people would be demanding those funds horizontal if it is not there in market. In future most of the companies would be designing their insurance plans as a strategic investment plus encounter covering plan, so such companies would targeting high growth funds or shares.So when an insurance company launch their sassy insurance products in market they will be targeting innovators. Another reason for targeting innovators is th at the people who are in the category of non innovators would seek the advices from innovators during purchase of services since innovators are opinion leaders in the market. Another important trend that, the insurance sector would be mostly adopted the c at one timept of virtual office in terms of physical presence. The technology is so updated, now it self a consumer can avail the facilities of insurance companies through the use of internet.Another reason for this trend would be increasing the government issue of insurance companies in the market. This also will pressure the companies to fully adopt the purpose of virtual insurance. The insurance companies in 2020 will be targeting a ultramodern value chain which is the collection of process and services that are linked together to wee-wee, develop, sell, deliver, process and service an insurance policy over the life of the contract. It would be hard to find the paper documents or trend of e-documents are no longer away from the insurance market in 2020.The insurance products that is going to start the markets would be rather known as insurance packages which would cover all the stake of a human being in his life time i. e. once if he is taken an insurance plan it will cover all the risk till his death and investment requirements. The insurance products in 2020 would be concentrating on the concept of Just in Time insurance as a person moves through set of spaces. Each stage of his life would be consisting different set of spaces. The new insurance package policies would be concentrating this set of spaces in human life.Insurance sector is one of the mostly regulated sectors in India. The scotch crisis which struck internationally will be forcing the IRDA and other regulatory bodies to come out with more rules and regulations especially in the foreign institutional investments and foreign lead investment. In 2020 the barriers in availing facilities of insurance with in the boundaries of the respect ed country, would be started to change since the insurance sector itself demands the emergence of a globally accepted standard of global insurance bodies.Another important thing that we can see sometimes before 2020 would the concept of risk to opportunity. Climate change is big capitulum mark for the insurers. We can see a trend of insurer responds to climate change also. Considering the carbon trade and green business development project the insurance sector cant close its eyes towards the natural surround. The insurance packages that are going to be prevailing in the insurance market will have certain features. It would a socially enabled product which would be designed to market through online word of mouth.It would also concentrate the concept of a mess produced, multi component pre-packaged one click solutions which will find a gap in the market place. These packages would be allowing plan conversion exchange which would allow people to convert defined contribution assets into income for life through making into annuities. Another important point to be discussed is that considering the latest technologies that is going to be adopted by the insurance scenario in 2020, most of the insurance companies will have direct tie up with software companies for the use of Information Technology picMarketing strategies of Indian insurance sector in 2020 Indian insurance marketing strategies mainly concentrating on the concept of CRM i. e. customer relationship management. Since insurance sector concentrating on the social and demographic features of customers, future CRM would be all about creating online communities of customers via emerging social media, such as face book, twitter and similar websites. The companies will take curtain raising to create such communities which will increase the customer handling efficiency of the company. Another strategy that the insurance companies started to adopt is 8020 principles.It means retaining the customer who contri butes to the majority of the business and serving him as the primary customer. Concentrating in the existing customers will help to get business through cross selling and decrease of the acquisition cost of a new customer. Another trend in the marketing strategies adopted by insurance would be based on the concept of being with the customer. For example if there is an insurance policy for a corporate is being taken, while providing statements and newsletters the insurer include success stories and pictures that people in that particular corporate works.The future climate of insurance will be forced to emerge new distribution marketing strategies. We can see different strategies for each distribution channels. Banks have long established programs and accounts for young savers, and have made available courses on handling credit for teenagers. In the future insurance arena, a similar program might involve school presentations on the mechanics of risk, or, rather than the typical spons orships of sports, taking a logical next measuring rod with youth organizations.These kinds of steps include activities such as insurance sponsored clubs which will tune the kids mainly in the concepts of risk management and practising safety in their environment where they interact most. One another strategy would be different approaches to people who have different demographic characteristics. For example, old aged customers can be approached with statistical details and promotional campaigns while the younger group prefers the carries like orkut, face book and other online communication devices.The trend show like more and more consumers are increasingly disenchanted with mass marketing and seek individual attention as well as customization of their customer interactions. The next generation of risk management is one where the cogitate is not on simply mechanizing the processing of info, but on modelling and automating the smart processing of risk breeding. The upcoming insur ance industry is going to take advantage of social technologies in two ship canal, like first would be empowering the agents to take advantage of social media as their CRM systems.It is the vanquish way to reach the customers with common interests, while the other is connecting with people engaged in similar occupation. Second would be the extreme widening of products and services. Innovative persuasion needs to be built in existing products around their social ability and connectivity. The life insurance business has innovated in less obvious ways by combining coverages and adding flexibility to standard coverages. Life companies need to attack the oft-quoted maxim that life insurance is sold, not bought and inhibit the negative perceptions that plague this industry.Change in the distribution channel and their features Insurance companies have got different distribution to reach the customers. It would include agents, brokers and Bancassurance. The upcoming trend in case of distr ibution channel has to be compared with each of these levels. An insurance agent is a person who identifies himself and the insurance company of whom he is an insurance agent. Earlier insurance companies were employ this particular distribution channel, they only require people to sell their products.Now days the trend of insurance companies is selecting the agents changed because these are the persons who represent the company in front of the public. By 2020 the concept of virtual office would come into play. And any person dod as agent, he would be having information not only about the product, he will be an expert to advise the customer about how to do the strategic investment and investment options etc. The insurance marketplace is undergoing a transformation that may eventually lead to significant changes in how consumers purchase insurance products.A variety of distribution channels are currently used in this market place and some insurers utilize a combination of distributi on channels. In terms of Bancassurance when the insurance products are sold as a third party products along with banking products. In the new era it would be in a relation with the banking product which functions jointly. Another important trend that you can expect from the market would the concept of hyper efficient direct distribution model. This concept would be working the idea of super low cost of solution.Now days when the insurance companies are using the multiple distribution channels to reach the customers, the cost associated with this purpose is increasing. Because of the non-traditional competitors have much lower distribution be than insurers, insurers face intense pressure to operate more efficiently. Distribution costs are one of the largest expense items associated with life and annuity policies. In the upcoming years we can see the trend of an emerging hyper efficient distribution model which works on low cost. Change in consumer perception of insuranceIndian cons umers have big influence of emotions and rationality in their buying behaviour. There are certain factors which are going to be truly crucial in 2020 in terms of buying behaviour of insurance. They are federation loyalty Services quality Ease of procedures Satisfaction level Company Image Company Client Relationship Initially the Indian insurance sector was in the major hands of LIC. The people didnt have a second name or second thought to think from where they should take the insurance plan or policy. Now the trend is changing.The main proof of the change is that the monopoly entertained by LIC was started to capture shares by other private companies. The private players are also able to provide the services and they are also able to generate the deposit as LIC could create among the mindset of people. The private companies pitch the products in such a way that it was more acceptable to the customers. For example, One of the promotional objectives designed was to create a feel good factor around retirement and change customers perception of retirement as a mark of old age and discharge of financial independence.Todays behavioural patterns are different rather than the traditional ones, but still predictable. The concept of predictive analytics as applied to consumer behaviour follows reaction to control triggers (like marketing campaigns) and thus allows companies to manage their customer portfolio into an optimal spread on a value/ loyalty matrix. The consumers are expecting an insurance product/service like a direct sale of mid market lifetime income solution with a lower premium which also helps to invest for future purpose.Challenges of Indian Insurance Sector on a road towards 2020 One of the big challenges that are going to be faced by 2020 would be estimating topical anaesthetic market potential for insurance products is continual challenge for the insurance industry. One solution for this big challenge would the concept of insurance CLOUT . Based on the actual purchase patterns, the idea like insurance CLOUT provides the most reliable local estimates for all type of insurance products and includes key detailed information like household counts, policy deductibles and premiums.Insurance CLOUT includes both current year estimates and five year projections for all of the data provided. Insurance CLOUT helps you to focus the marketing strategies of a business. Its an indispensable tool for numerous marketing applications like Allocating market dollars against market potential Estimating potential for specific products within local markets Identifying high opportunity areas Measuring agency performance relative to market potential This idea also helps to assess the key market potential data for insurance companies.Conclusion The study was trying to give some information about the picture of insurance preferences and features in 2020. It identifies the factors that are going to be very crucial in terms of consumer buyi ng behaviour with respect to insurance. The marketing strategies and distribution channels are also tried to portray considering the big limit point of the uncertainty of future. The study states that as time passes insurance sector in India will be undergoing through changes which can be giving a new face for the Indian insurance sector in 2020.As the insurance industry will be facing difficulties along with the rest of its financial services brethren to operate in the current global recession, it must consider the actual value of true innovation. No insurance business cant exist in business in the upcoming future with out innovation. Innovation can come in the form of modified process, new business models, distribution channels and simple organizational changes. Innovation with out knowing the consumer buying behaviour would be fruitful.Creating innovative products like energy savings insurance, innovative renewable energy project insurance products, green building insurance and insurance for developing world (Micro insurance) would help the insurance companies to smoothen their road towards 2020. In the upcoming trend of insurance will be focusing on pay as you live and active risk management in which active risk management means where proactive actions are taken to reduce total impact of risk. REFERENCES Insurance 2020 Insurance beyond old models by IBM Ceres underwrite From risk to opportunity 2008 by Evan mills pic

Naturalization of Undocumented Immigrant

Prof. Alexandru November 18, 2013 Communications Immigration Laws Specific Purpose To persuade my audience to primaeval Idea The immigration system needs to be reformed. Introduction l. Give us your tired, your poor, your huddled masses yearning to breathe free. These words ar chip at on the Statue of Liberty that was assembled in 1886. The statue was meant to be a beacon of hope for all immigrants that enter the U. S. Hope for opportunities, a better life, a better home. exclusively can we really say thats what they are given?II. A big issue that has been focused on lately by the government is Immigration right reform. For this speech I substantiate done research nigh immigration laws and how they affect undocumented immigrants. Ill. A recent study conducted by the Pew interrogation Center in Washington, D. C. has found that there has been an increase of unauthorized immigrants in the United States since the end of recession in 2009, which means there a hand more people th at live in the United States that leave behind be affected.This can also be said that everyone in California can be affected by these laws because we are a border state, which usually get a larger influx of immigrants. V. Today I would like to tell you about the serious issues with present day mmigration laws and persuade you to help reform them. First I will explain what immigration laws are and their purposes. Then I will tell you about some of those laws, and how they affect undocumented immigrants and society. And I will end with why and how you can help to make a difference. Body (So what are immigration laws? ) l.Immigration laws were created to regulate who and what may come into the United States. According the National Association of Former Border Patrol Officers, this is to protect us in 4 different major ways public safety, public health, Jobs, and national ecurity. A. Ever since 1960, creating laws based on public safety, is to come across that immigrants that may be potential prostitutes, polygamists, versed deviates, or criminals would not be allowed to cross our borders. B. For Public Health, there are laws that prevent contagious diseases epidemics or people with potentially dangerous mental diseases.C. To ensure our Jobs are secure, laws are created to keep immigration from depressing wages too much. D. And National Security Foreigners who would harm the country cannot come here, but the definition of who terrorists, for instance. in a flash lets talking about some actual immigration laws) V. Immigration laws vary on circumstances and we have to remember that every law always have exceptions. Every law also has flaws. Now Im going to tell you about two laws that I found terrific. A. The Center for Immigration Studies estimates that close to 400,000 US citizens sweep up a non-U.S. citizen. When a United States citizen gets married to a person from a different country, there is a long process that the couple has to go through to prove t heir marriage and plenty of petitions need to be filled out to gain citizenship. A. l . The process and analysis of the couples were not at all alarming me until I ran across an article that went into detail about transgender spouses, who not only had to deal with the naturalization process but also the process specifying their gender.

Free of Emotional and Familial Prison Essay

When heat content, not his real name, was in prep school, he met just bid everybody else a bully who would slay his lunch box a mode from him. Given his somewhat resistive nature, he would lower to set up his lunch up, and would plain dare to fight for it. However, because of his thin body and relatively short height, and the flunk caused by his hunger, he falls down in the workforce of his nemesis and was resultn usually blinking(a) to the school clinic. In one occasion, when the bully found nothing in the box unless crumbs and a piece of carrot, his disappointment broke atomic number 1s arms.In grade school enthalpys struggling continues. Though the separate(prenominal) aggressive kids thither know that he doesnt present lots in his box, they will steady take his lunch box from him to show everyone how miserable his living is. another(prenominal) kids laughed and several pitied him, dapple the rest are indifferent from his bunk. At the duration his teachers fo und out or so the commotion, the kids went away like nothing really is happening and enthalpy stood up from the ground, thoughtless. At base his life is dreadful. He doesnt have his own populate nor his own bed.He is only kicked to eternal sleep in the garrage, where an unusable car is parked. The garrage has never been used now and was all dirty and webbed, it was only there to post the familys forgotten possessions, like himself. He sleeps under the car, because he cant sleep on top of it, there is no other place. The coldness of the room and the good deal around him makes him tuck himself and appreciation his legs with his arms. The darkness almost blinds him, he can no longer throw anybody, even himself, even his future. international the room he is like nobody, even to his grow.His mother died two years ago, that is when he was three. She died in an accident, while trying to save total heats older brother from being over footfall over by a pick-up truck. He died any way, with her mother, because she was only there in time for her head to hit the trucks bumper. later the incident their family is dead. His yield turned from being a locally respected man into person who would be thrown out of a sedan, walk in zigzag to a place he do not know. Luckily his body is used to walking home, and he is coerceged by himself almost mechanically to their place.At measure when his body is heavily drowned in alcoholic drink and is no longer able to take him home, neighbors will call on atomic number 1 to alleviate him covert home. Nobody really tries to help drag him, only Henry, because of his smell. Henrys contract literally stinks and this exhausts him more than on the dragging work itself. In the morning his take would still be drinking his alcohol bought out of the pub. At times when Henry brought him arse home from the street, the nigh morning his stupefy will condemn him of stealing his money even though he knows he spent them in the pub.M ost of the time when Henry denies he is commanded back to his room, he still have a room then, and never go out. To make sure, his father locks him in. And umpteen times alike his father will forget that he was there and will go to the pub while Henry is starving intimate his room, locked. Because of this he missed school consequently giving other kids a reason to bully him again. At one time when Henry cannot take the hunger he broke the window and went out. When his father found out about the lowly window he blind drunk it and the rest of the rooms.Henry will now have to stay in the garrage with all his things, even his clothes, locked inside his own room. Fortunately he found his older brothers old clothes in the garage. Because he feared that his father may recognize the clothes, he only took the school uniforms for himself and used it so he will not miss his classes. He used his brothers other clothes to sleep on during the night under the car. The worn out clothes again w ould give his schoolmates a outlook to laugh at him. He found them dreadful too, unless what else can he do. His fathers drinking worsened and this led to new punishements.Since his father cant lock him in his room now, he no longer gave him forage. Although there are times when he would take home a piece of left(p)-over chicken he bought from a diner, frequently Henry is left starving for days. Most of time when he can no longer take the hunger he would ask the neighbors for regimen, and thankfully they give him a loaf of bread or an egg pie. At school he would steal food from other kids and a couple of times he was caught shoplifting in a convenience store. After the initiative gear caught his father, having talked with the police the night they took Henry home from the station, is still as indifferent as forrader.The next time he slammed Henrys vista on cars trunk. Thats the first time he went in Henrys room in years, and in doing he never even noticed Henrys condition i nside. That started the series of physical violence committed against him. His father might have thought that he can really hurt his son, and did so many times afterward, worsening as he gets more drowned in drunkenness. He started hitting him first by slapping his face using the back of his hands, later he started slamming him anywhere near the stairs, table, tile floor, plate hes eating on, and on the stove.Unluckily the slamming leaves only small patches and bruises on his face, this encouraged his father to continue the assualt, and do more. One time Henry came home from school with paint on his uniform, yes his brothers uniform, because of another aggression from his classmates, he was sphered right after he closed ahead him. He was hit by a sphere, like what Edge and Batista do in WWE. Unfortunately again, the hit only caused pain, no broken rib nor internal bleeding, just pain, physical and emotional pain.That could have killed him, or have him taken to the hospital, where p eople would know how he is treated, where he could be saved. When his father found out Henry is asking for food from their neighbors, he started using tools to hurt him, literally anything he can put his hands on. That time he took hold of his beer bottle and threw it at him and missed because of drunkenness. After several seconds he realized that he did missed, he grabbed his ceramic ashtray and pitched it to Henry, thats it, he hit his right knee and made Henry hitch for three days.From then on he would start throwing things at him. One time when Henry is on his way to his room, his father in the dining room obviously drunk but still have enough strength, he lifted a chair and threw it at Henry. Of course he missed, but still its a chair, hes already on that point of violence. One night when his father is watching a replay of a baseball game, stinking from alcohol again, he asked him to stand before the wall, with his baseball in hand and another 5 pieces at his side, he practice d pitching having Henry the target.His excitement gave him the precision enough to make 5 round patches on Henrys toilet table and 1 on his face. He cried, and when his father saw him did that he grabbed Henrys face and overt his mouth wide enough for the baseball. The ball was left in his mouth until his father fell asleep. His situation couldnt have been discovered when his father wasnt shell down by gangsters on his way home. Earlier that day Henry was asked by his father to clean the whole rear. On his way to cleanup the bathroom holding a bottle of an acidic toilet bowl cleaner, he was called by his father. stand in front of him having the cleaner and a pail in his hands, he saw his father all in all mad, his father snapped. He smiled with his eyes red, took the acid off Henrys hands, opened it, and asked him to put his hands in the pail. Henry, frightened by his father, obeyed and do what was commanded of him. His father opened the bottle and poured it on Henrys hands. At first it felt hot, then it scorched his hands scalping and burning his skin. He tried to take his hands off but his father grabbed them and put them back and his strength will not allow Henry to remove them again.Henry screamed in pain and his tears fell inside the pail but wont neutralize the acid from burning his skin. After more than a minute his father finally heard him and let go. He came back to sanity and ran away. At night he run over a gang of young men, incited by his terrible appearance, they beat him til he can no longer walk himself. A neighbor found him trying to walk home and helped him so. When they arrived at their house he saw Henry, his hands colored red, without skin. He immediately asked him what happened, but Henry did not speak. From there he knew whats going on and sought the police for help.Crisis Intervention Plan After audition from the witness what he saw in Henrys house, the authorities immediately met with social workers and other organizations that mi ght help in rescuing Henry from his father with minimal consequences and came up with this step by step hitch plan. Step 1 First they have to assess the situation of Henry. The authorities will see exactly what happened first in an obvious angle. As much as practicable the risks and dangers of intervening must(prenominal) be predicted. The people involve, their attitude, behavior, and mental locating should be noted well.Also, the root of the situation should be known. Henrys father may have conjured a trauma from the accident and lost his will to have a good life. Having Henry only reminds him of his other son, whom he might be blaming for the death of his wife. That is believably why he went after Henry and brought out his his anger on him. Both the effectuate of the crisis and the encumbrance should also be assessed. What would happen to the family after the rescue? What would Henry be like afterwards? Also, the status of the family before the incident involve to be known. In assessing the situation, it is always best to know what risks are in the members of the family. Step 2 Start establishing a relationship with the family to know more about them and eventually help solve the situation. A manual on crisis intervention released by the US Department of Health and world Services noted, in this step of crisis intervention, a sincere, non-judgmental attitude, and sensitivity to the familys feelings and situation, lay the groundwork for a family federation to form quickly, as does belief in the familys ability to overcome the crisis.Also, this step promotes a structural partnership that aims to solving the problem (p80). Henry is an abused child and needs to be rescued. However, more study needs to be taken and this step can definitely feed the authorities that. Furthermore, A positive partnership also evolves from a sense of accomplishment. It is important for the family to feel that something useful has been accomplished during the crisis interven ers first visit and that more will be accomplished in the next (p80) Step 3 attain Major Problems.Dr. Albert Roberts separated this step of knowing the roots of the problems due to its cruciality in the interventions plan (Roberts, p. 261). By giving attention to the factors that cause stress to members of the family, solution can be brought out to minimize the effects of the stress and to remove the those factors. Henrys father may have been continously thinking of their happy family before the incident and the disappointment caused by the realization his wife and sons deaths causes him to drown himself in alcohol.The alcohol causes him to be violent towards Henry. By removing these factor we can help save the Henry and help his father as well. Step 4 Take action. This step may incorporate both rescue of Henry and a therapy for his father if that will be allowed. This should be done as soon as possible after sufficient information and evidence of abuse is gathered. Rather than sta ying too long on turn out the family to solve its own problems, it is better to have Henry out of the house and away from his father in the mean time.While away both Henry and his father should be applied with therapies and medications. Henrys father suffered from the incident and may have contacted a disease in his drinking. Also, his alcoholism must be stopped and various correctional treatments should be employed. Henrys physical being obviously needs help. The boy needs nutrition first of all, having been starved to death by his father. The beatings may have left unnoticed fractured bones and may even have damaged some internal organs that is not treated immediately without the help of the authorities.His mother and brothers death may have also caused some trauma but most of all the effects of his fathers abuse should be look upon. Confidence may no longer be in his eyes being beaten and humiliated at school and having deprived of support by his father. A good foster home is a dvisable too to allow Henry have his own start and finally blend with a family. Step 5 Establish and agreement and follow-up plan. This step will know the future of Henrys family. Whether he will be allowed to be with his father again after his reformation or if he will have to stay in foster care and have his own life.His father may be filed with a case depending on what his psychological tests results will say. Certainly, the authorities will determine on how this issue will be ended. Continous assessment of their status and treatment should also be employed. ratiocination Life is always hard for people who suffered from a great trauma like what happened in Henrys family. The simultaneous death of his mother and older brother definitely caused great amounts of emotional disturbances on his father and the following incidents could have been prevented if they were employed with enough help and guidance.That has always been the problem family has. Missing family support and prevent ive plans on traumas and other psychological stress definitely cause more complicated problems like domestic violence. Henry could have been a bright boy just like everybody else. Unfortunately he was denied of that fate during his dreadful days with his father. However, with effective intervention plans, he will surely be back on track again. Works Cited US Department of Health and Human Services. Handout 3 step of Crisis Intervention.Retrieved 15 May 2008. www. headstartinfo. org/pdf/supportingfam_crisis/ handout3-3. pdf Roberts, Albert. 2005. Crisis Intervention Handbook Assessment, Treatment, and Research. Retrieved 15 May 2008. http//books. google. com/books? id=UtU5DK0ryGsC&pg=PA259&dq=step+by+step+crisis +intervention&sig=sI1qrPiQIyUx5x1mIqPgBHJmC0QPPA260,M1 Roberts, Albert. Roberts Seven Stage Crisis Intervention Model. Retrieved 15 May 2008. http//www. crisisinterventionnetwork. com/intervention. html

Criminal Justice Enforcement policies Essay

The most severe jural philosophy enforcement ordain achieve little if lower-class urban offenders can see no legitimatise expression to solve their problems or satisfy their aspirations. At the absolute best it could turn the criminals into a passive underclass which is forever open on welfargon benefits. Even then the most ener poundic and ambitious members of this underclass would eventu completelyy be tar removeed by recruiters for organized offensive or terrorist organizations.Social improvements alone will be ineffective if the cash dispenser of fear and despondency which pervades crime-ridden areas prevents local people from taking advantage of them, or if the improvement are sabotaged by those who have a stake in the existing event (e. g. loan-sharks and gang-leaders). So we need a faction of Long- landmark tones to enable people to improve their own lives. Medium-term measures to mitigate the situation while the long-term measures are in progress, and to deal wi th the difficulties which a few people will continue to experience its phantasmagorical to expect that we can solve all urban social problems completely. Improved law enforcement to prevent the situation from getting worse and to give the locals confidence that their efforts will not be overturnd by random crimes and will not be sabotaged by those who have a stake in the existing situation.The term law enforcement needs further analysis, which I will supply in the abutting section. Law enforcement Overview of law enforcement This has one-third main components Policing The legal system Sentencing in this essay I regard prison construction and process as part of the infrastructure which supports sentencing. To save space I will not consider the legal system here, since the question specifically mentioned policing and sentencing (references to prisons and the end penalty) but not the legal system. PolicingTo remove crime-induced fear and hopelessness and to discourage those who have a stake in the existing situation from sabotaging improvements I recommend the newfangled York policing model (described by Griffith, 1999) Zero tolerance for all crime, even minor malicious mischief. This will often warn offenders from progressing to more just crimes. Making senior local officers accountable for the performance of their units. Information systems which enable officers at all levels to identify and respond to the highest-priority requirements.To make it clear to local communities that this is for their benefit and not just an workout in aggressive policing, local political sciences should Explain to local people the objectives of the project and the standards which are to govern police force force conduct. Provide channels through which locals can easily raise and swiftly resolve issues, including any complaints closely the way of the police. These channels essential be conspicuously independent of the police. Sentencing In mild cases, e. g. minor vandalism and assaults, I recommend Community service sentences, where possible in forms which compensate the victims.This also teach the offenders to get along with law-abiding members of their local communities and hopefully will encourage local people to see just about good in the offenders. Some offenders should also be required to attend appropriate rehabilitation or training centers, to second them to manage their finances better or to stop using addictive drugs or to manage grievances without resorting to crime. We should probably reduce their community service workload a little to avoid perceive to punish these offenders more disadvantageously than other categories. Electronic tags which track offenders movements, to deter a kick upstairsst re-offending or evasion of community service. Tags will also make it easier to protect former teenage gangsters against threats and other pressures to re-join their quondam(a) gangs, and in slightly cases it may also be help ful to provide with young offenders with panic buttons in case they are attacked by their old gangs or by rival gangs which regard them as elementary targets. Prison sentences (described below) for those who violate the terms of their initial sentences without overwhelmingly good reasons.Prison sentences are necessary for serious crimes because the continued presence of serious offenders in their local communities will cause fear and therefore undermine attempts at longer-term improvements. In many cases, particularly for young offenders, work and preparation camps in sparsely-populated areas may be more suitable than traditional prisons Such camps would separate the offenders both from the social environments in which they turned to crime and from the company of hardened criminals. Escape would be difficult because of the isolated locations and the offenders ignorance of the local geography. The offenders should be required to erect and maintain as much of the camp facilities as possible. This would both teach them they can only get comforts by working and provide a sense of achievement with each improvement in the camp environment. There should be plenty of opportunities to earn privileges by work and by educational progress. Camps would be cheaper to construct and maintain than traditional prisons.I will explain at the end my views on the death penalty. lessen teenage gangsterism Teenage gangsters desire higher status than they can acquire by legitimate means, and value the regard of their peers more highly than the opinions of adults. The youths are often born into sub-cultures which are at least(prenominal) partially alienated from the rest of our society by Barriers such as poverty and discrimination. Sub-culture values such as extreme machismo. Typical crimes include vandalism, assault and murder, and small-scale armed robbery.In addition to their manoeuver costs, these crimes often create an air of fear and hopelessness in the areas affec ted, which perpetuates the problem by persuading the next genesis of teenagers that the only path to safety, status and prosperity is via gang membership. Remedial measures In the long term we must remove the motivation by providing accessible legitimate paths to higher status and prosperity Education which is graspable to the urban youths but enables them to earn status and wealth in legitimate ways.For example it may initially have to be delivered in the local patois but it must aim to make students salutary in standard English so that they can enter higher levels of education and / or gravel better-paid jobs. Advice for the teenagers and their families on how to manage their lives, finances, careers and education. Access to resources such as books and the Internet. Public libraries are the most obvious way to provide these. We must also provide legitimate short-term outlets for teenagers ambitions and energies.The most obvious one is sports, which will particularly appeal to the strongest, most competitive and most aggressive teenagers the potential gang-leaders. I therefore bring up Facilities for those who wish to play various sports on a casual basis. Clubs for those who wish to improve their performance and gain wider reputations. Organized competitions and leagues at all levels from local to national, for the really ambitious. Reducing crimes committed because of financial crises Long term reduction in someoneal financial crises requires a fairly complex package including Improved education to enable people to obtain better-paid jobs. Advice on personal financial management. Hopefully these crises will eventually amaze less common, but they will probably never disappear completely, so there will perpetually be a need for palliatives Cheap, quick, reliable legal advice for common types of case. Inexpensive but not subsidise loans to enable people to survive these crises without resorting to crime. Repayment should where possible be se cured by small deductions from the borrowers incomes (including any eudaimonia benefits).Credit unions (see ABCUL 2003) should be encouraged as they provide a sense of local involvement, control and responsibility. Reducing drug-related crimes There are at least two types of drug-related crime Those committed by addicts desperate for their next fix. Those committed as a result of the mood-altering effects of some drugs. There are good reasons for believe that the war on Drugs is as unsuccessful as Prohibition was (The Economist 2001 a). About 10% of all arrests in the USA are for drug offenses and about 80% of that 10% are for possession, not for deal or manufacture (The Economist, 2001 b).We need an objective review of drugs policy. This might well lead to legalization of some drugs (with regulation of their quality to minimize health risks), which would sharply reduce the prison population and, by large(p) the retail price of legalized drugs, reduce robberies committed to fi nance purchases. The other long-term remedy is aggressive advertize about the dangers of specific drugs which are more harmful than alcohol and tobacco. This will of course have great credibility if it follows an objective review of drugs policy.We also need rehabilitation centers to help addicts and prodigalityive users to give up their habits. Crimes induced by a sense of grievance This category is very diverse, including grievances which a reasonable person may regard as justified, unjustified or partly justified. against a wide range of targets, from individuals to the highest levels of government or society as a whole. For as long as some areas are severely disadvantaged in incomes, jobs, schools, etc. there will be some grievances which are at least partly justified and should be at least mitigated by a combination of economical redevelopment and improved education. centers which advise people on legal ways of handling their grievances. This should not be limited to wha t is normally termed counseling but should include coaching in legal ways of influencing the behavior of and or / hitting back at the sources of grievances. The death penalty The death penalty for murder is arguably no more immoral than killing an enemy soldier in a war. But I oppose it because all legal systems are fallible, and its impossible to correct a miscarriage of legal expert after a person has been executed. Incorrect convictions have arisen in cases where Judges misinterpret or employ the law (e. g. revolve around on Wrongful Convictions 2004) The defendant had poor legal representation (American University Law refreshen 1995 mentions cases where defense lawyers made procedural mistakes in capital cases). Failure of the prosecutors to disclose information which might help the defense. Police obtained evidence or confessions improperly, or tampered with or fabricated evidence. Expert witnesses showed bias in favor of the prosecution either because of their person al opinions or because doing so was to their long-term financial advantage.Unfortunately these miscarriages are not rare exceptions Northwestern University School of Laws Center on Wrongful Convictions found that In the quarter century between restoration of the Illinois death penalty and Governor George Ryans blanket grace order, 289 men and women were sentenced to death in Illinois. Of those, 18 have been exonerated a rate in excess of 6. 2%. (Center on Wrongful Convictions, 2005) The risk of miscarriages has probably risen after 9/11 because police and prosecutors will be under even greater pressure to close terrorist cases and other high-profile murders.Conclusion The skipper question is flawed because it does not define the range of crimes with which it is concerned. presents an either-or choice between stronger law enforcement and prevention, including social service and education, as ways of reducing crime. For the categories of crime reviewed here both improved law enf orcement and preventive measure are needed neither can succeed alone. I oppose the death penalty because justice systems have shown themselves to be too fallible in high-profile cases. ReferencesABCUL (2003), About Credit Unions accessed May 2005 from http//www. abcul. org/page/about/intro. cfm American University Law Review (1995), The Death Penalty in the Twenty-First Century accessed May 2005 from http//www. wcl. american. edu/journal/lawrev/45/death. html Center on Wrongful Convictions (2004) Pollock Exonerated accessed May 2005 from http//www. law. northwestern. edu/depts/clinic/wrongful/exonerations/Pollock. htm Center on Wrongful Convictions (2005) The Death Penalty accessed May 2005 from http//www. law. northwestern.edu/depts/clinic/wrongful/deathpenalty. htm Griffith, Gareth (1999), Zero Tolerance Policing accessed May 2005 from http//www. parliament. nsw. gov. au/prod/parlment/publications. nsf/0/796C90ABE8349FDFCA256ECF0008CE11 The Economist (2001 a), Stumbling in the da rk (about drugs policy) accessed May 2005 from http//www. economist. com/surveys/displaystory. cfm? story_id=706591 The Economist (2001 b), Collateral damage (of the War on Drugs) accessed May 2005 from http//www. economist. com/surveys/displayStory. cfm? story_id=708550